SCHOLARLY ARTICLE

Célio Hiratuka e Antônio Carlos Digues | Brazilian Journal of Political Economy

China has been consolidating its position as a global technological power, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) playing a strategic role in this advancement. This article examines how AI is integrated into the country's development model, driving the transition from a capital-intensive economy to one based on knowledge. Through robust Science, Technology, and Innovation policies, the Chinese government seeks to strengthen endogenous innovation and reduce dependence on foreign technologies, fostering a domestic industrial and scientific base. The strategy includes massive investments, research incentives, and strong private sector involvement, particularly from tech giants such as Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent, and Huawei. In addition to highlighting China's growing knowledge production, the article compares its position with that of the United States by analyzing scientific publications, patent registrations, and financial investments. The global race for AI leadership reflects not only an economic competition but also a geopolitical and strategic dispute.

Full article: https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572025-3636